Photovoltaic Solar Panel

Comparing Different Types of Solar Panels

Solar panels vary (between monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous) based on the type of silicon used, efficiency, cost, and physical structure. 

Amorphous "Thin Film" Solar Panels

Amorphous panels use loosely structured, non-crystallized silicon that is sprayed onto the base.  These are commonly known as "thin film" panels.  They are known for the parallel lines that cover their surfaces.  While these panels are usually the cheapest, they are the least effective (7% efficiency) and the most shortest-lived (about five years).  Therefore, these panels are most commonly used for vehicles and small buildings. 

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Polycrystalline Solar Panels

The structure of polycrystalline panels is crystallized, as the name suggests.  These are generally about twice as efficient as amorphous cells, and are generally considered the industry standard.  Efficiency ratings typically range from 12-16%. 

Hybrid Crystalline/Amorphous Solar Panels

Sanyo's HIT unit combines crystalline and amorphous silicon to give you the best of both worlds.  Its efficiency rating is 19.3% (16.8% for module conversion).  This is the highest-quality product currently on the market.  It is particularly more efficient than other models in lower levels of light and in higher levels of heat. 

What You Should Expect To Pay

It used to be the case that panels increased in price with their complexities (amorphous cells being the simplest and cheapest), but this is no longer the case because of increasing demand for particular models. 

Buying the most expensive model does not guarantee you are buying the most efficient product.  Make sure you do your research.  Also, keep in mind that you typically get discounts for buying larger quantities.  For example, a single monocrystalline panel can cost about $800, but if you buy in bulk you could get it for as low as $560.  Whatever you do, make sure you shop around a bit.

Product and Lifespan Efficiency Guarantees

When shopping based on warranty, keep in mind that most products have two separate warranties: one for the product and one for its efficiency.  Most products are guaranteed for 5 years.  Beyond that, their efficiency is typically guaranteed to be at least 92% of the minimum power rating after 10 years, 84% after 20 years, and 80% after 25 years. 

This should give you an idea of typical warranties and of what to expect out of your photovoltaic solar panel.  And remember, the warranty is important with such an expensive product, so make sure you do your research before making a purchase.